W30: Introduction and conclusion in 2 sentences each

Many students spend 8 minutes on a long introduction full of background, and then have 2 minutes left for a one-line conclusion. It should be the other way around: short, sharp introductions and conclusions, and most of your time on the body paragraphs. Two sentences each is enough.

Why this matters

The introduction and conclusion don't earn many marks by themselves. Their job is to make your position clear (Task Response) and frame your essay (Coherence). The body paragraphs are where you develop ideas, so they deserve most of your words and time.

The 2-sentence introduction

Sentence 1: Paraphrase the question. Say what the question says, in your own words.

Sentence 2: Give your position, and preview your reasons. This is your thesis.

How to paraphrase

Use two or three of these techniques:

Don't try to change every word. Some topic words, like university or environment, are fine to keep.

Example introductions

Opinion question: "Some people think that working from home is better than working in an office. To what extent do you agree?"

"Many employees now have the option of working remotely rather than in an office. I largely agree that this is a better arrangement, mainly because it saves time and gives workers more flexibility."

Discussion question: "Some people think tourism benefits local communities, while others believe it harms them. Discuss both views and give your opinion."

"Opinions differ on whether tourism helps or damages the places people visit. While it can cause problems such as rising prices, I believe that, when managed well, its economic benefits are greater."

The 2-sentence conclusion

Sentence 1: Restate your position, in different words from the introduction.

Sentence 2: Summarise your main reasons.

No new ideas, no new examples.

"In conclusion, I believe working from home is generally a better option for most employees. It saves them commuting time and allows them to organise their day more effectively, although regular contact with colleagues remains important."

What to avoid

• Background stories: "Since ancient times, humans have..."
• Template sentences: "This essay will discuss..." (W13)
• New ideas in the conclusion.
• Questions to the reader: "What do you think?"
• Informal endings: "In a nutshell".

Is "In conclusion" okay?

Yes. It's clear and acceptable. To conclude and Overall also work. Don't waste time looking for something fancier.

Try it yourself

Write a 2-sentence introduction for: "Some people say that the best way to reduce traffic is to make public transport free. To what extent do you agree?"

Sample answer: "It has been suggested that free public transport is the most effective way to cut traffic congestion. I partly agree, because although free fares would attract some drivers, better service and reliability matter just as much."

Honest note

Two sentences is a guide, not a law. A three-sentence introduction is fine. But if your introduction is longer than your body paragraphs, something is wrong.

Your task today

Write introductions and conclusions for five different questions. Time yourself: aim for 3 minutes each.